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VISTA ANALYSE
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Sidsel Sverdrup
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Partner
Hanne Toftdahl
Partner
Åsmund Sunde Valseth
Partner
Haakon Vennemo
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Tyra Ekhaugen
Assosiert partner
Eivind Bjørkås
Sarah Eidsmo
Anita Einarsdottir
Leif Grandum
Andreas Stranden Hoel-Holt
Mari Brekke Holden
Jonas Jønsberg Lie
Haakon Riekeles
Herman Ringdal
Kristian Roksvaag
Andreas Skulstad
Veronica Strøm
Martin Ørbeck
Vegard Østli
Siri Bråten Øye
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Environmental Risk indicators in the EU and USA
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2015
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Haakon Vennemo
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vista& analyse.no - Environmental risk indicators in the European Union and the USA Haakon Vennemo Workshop in Anshun , May 21, 2015 vista& analyse.no - Regional indicators in the EU or the USA • As far as we know , EU countries or the USA do not publish regional indicators of environmental risk • But they do publish indicators of sustainability • And indicators of environmental damage , sometimes in the form of «Green GDP» • The regional environmental risk indicator system that we have discussed at this workshop may be considered a further development and refinement of sustainability indicators , damage indicators etc. vista& analyse.no - Indicators of Environmenal Risk in the EU and the USA • In the EU and the USA environmental risk is indicated and regulated per problem Problem(area(Accumulated (Risk( Acute (Risk( All- emissions --from- industry -sources - Industrial- emissions - direc6ve -- Industrial- emissions - direc6ve -- Rivers-and-lakes-Water- framework - direc6ve - Water- framework - direc6ve - Hazardous - substances - EU-–-REACH-USA-&- Superfund - EU-–-Seveso-USA-&- Superfund - Biodiversity - Habitat- direc6ve - Contaminated -soil - EU- soil -strategy - Marine- life - OSPAR- vista& analyse.no - Indicators of Environmenal Risk in the EU and the USA Problem(area(Accumulated (Risk( Acute (Risk( All- emissions --from- industry -sources - Industrial(emissions (direc5ve (( Industrial(emissions (direc5ve (( Rivers-and-lakes-Water- framework - direc6ve - Water- framework - direc6ve - Hazardous - substances - EU(–(REACH(USA-&- Superfund - EU-–-Seveso-USA-&- Superfund - Biodiversity - Habitat- direc6ve - Contaminated -soil - EU- soil -strategy - Marine- life - OSPAR- vista& analyse.no - Indicators of Environmenal Risk in the EU and the USA Problem(area(Accumulated (Risk( Acute (Risk( All- emissions --from- industry -sources - Industrial(emissions (direc5ve (( Industrial(emissions (direc5ve (( Rivers-and-lakes-Water- framework - direc6ve - Water- framework - direc6ve - Hazardous - substances - EU-–-REACH-USA-&- Superfund - EU-–-Seveso-USA-&- Superfund - Biodiversity - Habitat- direc6ve - Contaminated -soil - EU- soil -strategy - Marine- life - OSPAR- vista& analyse.no - Release permit is needed • Covers more than 30,000 industrial facilities • Requires reporting on releases to air, water and land as well as pollution content of waste and waste-water of 91 pollutants • Each facility needs release permit vista& analyse.no - The release permit covers more than releases • The release permit is a key tool for managing environmental risk from industrial production • Additional regulations apply to industrial facilities handling hazardous chemicals (REACH, Seveso) vista& analyse.no - The release permit covers more than releases • The release permit covers • Emission limit values • Appropriate requirements to ensure protection of the soil and groundwater , and measures concerning the monitoring and management of waste • Suitable emission monitoring requirements (methodology , frequency , evaluation procedure ) vista& analyse.no - The release permit covers more than releases • The release permit covers • An obligation to supply authorities regularly , at least annually , with information based on monitoring and other required data, enabling the authority to verify compliance • Appropriate requirements for regular maintenance and surveillance of measures to prevent releases • Appropriate requirements concering periodic monitoing of soil and groundwater vista& analyse.no - The release permit covers more than releases • The release permit covers • Measures relating to conditions other than normal operation , such as start-up and shut-down , leaks , malfunction , momentary stoppages and definitive cessation of operations • Provisions for the minimization of long- distance , transboundary pollution • Conditions for assessing compliance with the emission limit values and other applicable requirements • Of these requirements emission limit values are the most important for deciding acceptable environmental risk in practice vista& analyse.no - Emission limit values are based on Best Available Technology • Best Available Technology Reference Documents (BREFs ) specify Best Available Technology in practice • Emission limit values should be as strict or stricter than defined in BREFs • Can be less strict if an assessment shows that the achievement in terms of emission reduction would lead to disproportionally higher costs compared to benefits , due to • The geografical conditions or the local environmental conditions of the installation • The technical characteristics of the installation vista& analyse.no - BREFs are found on a web- page • http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/ vista& analyse.no - BREF Iron and Steel • Is 627 pages long ! Prepared by Joint Research Center (JRC). Summarized in a 36 page official document : EU-–-REACH-EU-–-REACH- vista& analyse.no - Indicators of Environmenal Risk in the EU and the USA Problem(area(Accumulated (Risk( Acute (Risk( All- emissions --from- industry -sources - Industrial- emissions - direc6ve -- Industrial- emissions - direc6ve -- Rivers-and-lakes-Water- framework - direc6ve - Water- framework - direc6ve - Hazardous - substances - EU(–(REACH(USA-&- Superfund - EU-–-Seveso-USA-&- Superfund - Biodiversity - Habitat- direc6ve - Contaminated -soil - EU- soil -strategy - Marine- life - OSPAR- vista& analyse.no - What is REACH? • regulation on Registration , Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of CHemicals • REACH is both about procedure and about limit values • It places the responsibility for the safe management of the risks of chemical substances on the industry • The burden of proof is on industries . They must convince the regulator that a chemical is safe and procedures for handling it are safe. • Applies to manufacturers and to importers. vista& analyse.no - Registration is necessary • Substances manufactured or imported in quantities of 1 ton or more per year per company , manufacturer og importer need to registrate the substance in a registration dossier (= documentation ), which must be submitted to the authority . • Must include testing procedures vista& analyse.no - Substances of Ve r y High Concern • REACH singles out Substances of Very High Concern • These require approval from REACH authorities • The approval licence aims to ensure that risks from these substances are properly controlled , and that they over time are replaced by other substances vista& analyse.no - Substances of Ve r y High Concern • Currently 31 substances are of very high concern . • The list is found here : http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-framework/priority_substances.htm • Examples • Alaclor • Anthracene • Antrazine • Benzene • Cadmium and its compounds • Etc. • More substances under consideration , in scientifically based review process (Joint Research Center) vista& analyse.no - Conclusions • In practice management of environmental risk comes down to quantitative indicators • BREF • Substances of very high concern • Many more than I have showed here are discussed in the CAEP-Vista report on International Experiences , and in Section 5 of the document From Principles to Policy (Framework Document D).
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